Well spotted Julian - an interesting read. The Big firms have been constrained to some extent by the new rules and the issue of auditor independence (Sarbanes-Oxley, firm wide carve-outs of historic proportions etc.). It is a well written article, but it is not a complete list of empirical cases. By that I mean that whilst Enron and WorldCom were scandals of significant size and had repercussions on investor confidence world-wide, they are often a focus in articles because of their scale rather than simply because they represent cases of non-compliance. There is however surely the potential for other similar cases to occur, ceteris paribus, in the future. Of course the regulatory environment has changed since those days and there are new rules. Others would argue, I think quite rightly, that there are questions to be asked over the enforcement of these rules. However it is not difficult to imagine that the pressure on compliance systems might continue to increase too, further into this business cycle. From the career perspective it is good advice for individuals to ask the question ‘Will a future role involve both auditing and consulting/financial advisory work for the same client?’ and if so avoid a career path where their independence would be at risk. When deciding on firms to join, the question might be along the lines of ‘Is the system of corporate governance and the culture of responsibility at this firm (along with the necessary processes and internal controls) sufficient to maintain auditor independence from any consulting/financial advisory that is provided to clients?’ Afterall who wants to join the next Andersen’s? On a positive note if a consulting/advisory firm does not offer auditing, then the problem of auditor independence should not arise at that firm.